International Conference on Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

Paris, France

February 21-22, 2019

Toxicology is a discipline that deals with the study of the adverse effects of chemical and lethal substances on human and other living organisms. It can also be termed as the practice of diagnosing and treating toxins. The dosage of the substance that is taken in plays a major role due to its impact on the effect caused. Toxicology interconnects research with risk assessment and hazard and risk management which further helps in protecting the environment and the public. Research in Medical toxicology has lead to many new discoveries that could improve human health. Recent research in Environmental toxicology has unfolded many impacts that people were not aware of. Research in key areas paves away to find remedial measures that could safeguard human health and society.

Environmental toxicology focuses on the adverse effects of various physical, chemical and biological agents on living organisms. These adverse effects cause various changes in the organisms that could affect the population dynamics thereby affecting the ecosystem by diminishing its productivity and stability. Organisms accumulate chemicals and other toxic substances from the abiotic environment and also from dietary sources. The primary sites of uptake include lungs, gills and gastrointestinal tract. This might lead to acute and chronic health disorders.Primary sources of accumulation from abiotic environment include pesticides and fertilizers usage for plants, accumulation of heavy metals such as lead, arsenic from the industries and oil spills in the ocean.

Pharmacology is the study of the action of the drug on the body. This branch of biology deals with the interaction of the drug and the biological system. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are two main pillars of pharmacology. Recent research has unwinded several major properties of drugs and the drug-receptor interactions.

Chemical carcinogenesis is the onset of cancer due to the exposure to the toxins released into the environment. This is a very important phenomenon as most of the human cancer deaths are caused due to the exposure to various chemicals and environmental toxins.

Soil toxicology is a branch of environmental toxicology that deals with the toxicity of the chemical, physical or biological substances that inhibit the growth of organisms and plants. The presence of Xenobiotics in the soil leads to the soil pollution thereby degrading the environment. These Xenobiotics are released by industries, due to chemicals and pesticides used in agriculture and also due to the improper disposal of waste. Various pollutants contaminate the soil through human anthropogenic activities and natural causes. The main causes of soil pollution are Biological agents, Agricultural practices, Urban and Industrial Wastes. Chemical contaminants that lead to soil toxicity include Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Copper, Zinc, Nickel, Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHS) and Pesticides and Herbicides.

Aquatic toxicology deals with study of the impact of chemicals and other xenobiotics on the aquatic organisms.It integrates toxicology, and aquatic ecology. Aquatic toxicity tests assess the risk that is caused to the aquatic environment. Accumulation of pollutants in the aquatic environment poses threat to the reproduction and life cycle of marine organisms.

Industrial Toxicology deals with the toxins and chemical agents that are released from an industry. These toxins include heavy metals like lead, sulfur, arsenic etc., Industrial Monitoring is done to safeguard the employees from the harmful effects of these toxins.

Various pollutants enter the environment and cause severe damage to the ecosystem and the organisms present in it. Due to the diversity of the chemical nature of the pollutants and also the mode and level of toxicity, risk assessment is becoming a difficult task. Even minute level of toxicity might have an adverse effect on the environment when exposed continuously.These minute level of toxicity can be detected by Biomarkers which helps in reflecting adverse biological response towards xenobiotic toxins in the environment.

This branch of biology deals with the interaction of the drug and the biological system of the animals. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are two main pillars of pharmacology. Recent research has unwinded several major properties of drugs and the drug-receptor interactions. Recent research has unwinded many pharmacological mysteries of drug interactions with the biological system of animals.

Practical and green chemistry in exceptionally basic terms is only an alternate mindset about how chemistry and compound designing should be possible. Throughout the years, distinctive standards have been suggested that can be utilized when considering the plan, improvement and usage of substance items and procedures. These standards empower researchers and specialists to ensure an advantage the economy, individuals and the planet by finding inventive and imaginative approaches to decrease squander, ration vitality and find trades for dangerous substances. Green chemistry can likewise be characterized using measurements. While a brought together arrangement of measurements has not been built up, numerous approaches to evaluate greener procedures and items have been proposed. These measurements incorporate ones for mass, vitality, dangerous substance disposal, and life cycle ecological effects.

Risk assessment is a layered procedure used to assess and organize the dangers postured by compound substances to an ecological framework. This is accomplished utilizing logical procedures to break down the dangers, potential for introduction of unfriendly impacts caused by specific contaminants. Each of these variables is affected to some degree by the properties of the concoction components or mixes themselves, and of the media in which they are available.

Nanotechnology has many useful applications for medication and the earth, yet like all innovations, it also has unintended impacts that can antagonistically affect the earth, both inside the human body and inside the regular biological community. While exploiting this new innovation for well being, natural, and manageability benefits, science needs to analyze the ecological and well-being suggestions.

Recent researches and studies have paved the way to several techniques and methods to counteract environmental toxicity thereby helping us safeguard our environment. All these techniques have to be put into practice. Creating awareness and preventing further toxicity is the best way to fight against environmental toxicity.